Kalyan Chakraborty

Visiting Professor of Economics

Dr. Kalyan (Kal) Chakraborty joined Oxford College at Emory University in fall 2022 as a Visiting Professor of Economics. Prof. Chakraborty has over two decades of teaching and research experience. Before joining Oxford College, Prof Chakraborty taught at University of Tampa (FL), Northern State University (SD), University of West Florida (FL), and Emporia State University (KS) as a tenured full professor. He has earned a PhD in Economics from Utah State University, MS in Agricultural and Applied Economics from the University of Nevada. Before he came to the US, Dr. Chakraborty had an MA degree in Economics, a Law Degree, and a Diploma in Sales and Marketing Management from India. He worked as postdoctoral fellow at Texas Tech University, and Auburn University, Alabama. Dr. Chakraborty’s research interests include applied microeconomics, economics of public education, regional economics, resource and recreational economics, insurance economics, and economics of biotechnology and policy. Dr. Chakraborty has published extensively in various national and international peer-reviewed journals, such as, Applied Economics, International Journal of Applied Economic, Socioeconomica, Atlantic Economic Journal, Australian Economic Papers, Southern Journal of Economics, Contemporary Economic Policy, Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Journal of Forest Science, International Advances in Economics Research, Review of Regional Economics, and Asia Pacific Journal of Risk and Insurance. Dr. Chakraborty serves as a reviewer for several peer reviewed journals.

In his research career Dr. Chakraborty has received several best paper awards, shuch as Atlantic Economic Journal – 2018, Journal of International Business and Economics – 2014, and International Business and Financial Research – 2011. Prof. Chakraborty has also received several awards for his research from the universities he worked in the past such as, School of Business Research and Creativity Award – 2014, 2009 and President’s Award for the Best Researcher of the Year – 2013, from Emporia State University. He has also received the ‘Hind Rattan Award’ (Jewel of India) - 2013, from Non-Resident Indian Welfare Association (New Delhi), India for his research contribution related to Indian economic issues.

 


Education

MA| Burdwan University, India| 1981

LL.B| Kolkata University, India| 1989

MS| University of Nevada, Reno| 1994

PhD| Utah State University, Logan| 1998

Courses Taught

OXFORD COLLEGE
Principles of Macroeconomics
Principles of Microeconomics


OTHER INSTITUTIONS
Business Policy and Strategy
Principles of Environmental Economics
Principles of Macroeconomics
Principles of Macroeconomics
Business Statistics
Intermediate Macroeconomics
Intermediate Microeconomics
Money and Banking
Managerial Economics
International Trade and Economics
Global Business Environment
Current Economic Problems
Research Methods
Public Economics
Applied Econometrics

Accomplishments

  • Best Article Award by Atlantic Economic Journal for 2018, “Measuring the Impact of Socio-economic Factors on School Efficiency in Australia” – (Kalyan Chakraborty and Richard Harper), Atlantic Economic Journal, June 2017, Vol 45(2):163-179. Awarded at the 86th Annual Conference, NY, Oct 11-14th, 2018.
  • Nominated for Row Cross Distinguish Professor, School of Business, ESU, 2016.
  • Received International Academy of Business and Economics (IABE), Membership Award, 2016.
  • Best Paper Award in the Journal Publication Division for “Assessing the Economic Impact of a Regional University,” (Kalyan Chakraborty and Dean Edmiston), Journal of International Business and Economics, March-2014.
  • Received School of Business Award for Research and Intellectual Contribution, April-2014.
  • Received ‘Hind Rattan’ – Jewel of India Award from the Non-Resident Indian Welfare Association Annual Congress, New Delhi, Jan 24-25, 2013.
  • Received Emporia State University President’s Award for Research and Creativity, May 2013.
  • Outstanding Research Paper Award, Global IBFR Conference, Las Vegas, NV Jan-2011.
  • Received School of Business Award for Research and Intellectual Contribution in 2010.
  • Received Certificate of Award from ESU Free Enterprise Institute 2008.

Research Grants and Awards Applied/Received

  • The Impact of Minimum Wages and Earned Income Tax Credits on Population Health Outcomes -Evidence from the United States. Submitted Sep 2022. Oxford FDC and OCTS Grant Proposal. ($4,065).
  • Measuring Economic Impact of Greenways and Trails. Proposal submitted for Sanford Summer Research Grant Proposal at Northern State University. Summer 2019 ($1000).
  • Socioeconomic Impact of Cultural Heritage as a Component of Ecosystem Services – Collaborative Inter-disciplinary Research – Haas Center, History Department, and Florida Public Archaeology Network, University of West Florida, CoPI. Approved, April 17, 2017 ($24,640).
  • Grant proposal for Study of the Economic Impact of Construction of Coast Guard’s Offshore Patrol Cutters. Bay County, Florida. Jan 6, 2017, ($18,000).
  • Internationalization of ESU Student Exchange Program in India Grant from the Office of International Education: $2000, AY 2015-16.
  • Economic Impacts of Emporia State University on the Local and State Economy: An Update. (Co- investigator: Dean Edmiston), 2011-2012, President’s Award, Emporia State University ($1,520).
  • The Kathrine K. White Faculty Incentive Grant Program – ESU Foundation Grant Application Winter-2010 for Teaching, Faculty Development, and Research. (Sole Investigator) ($1,800)
  • Estimation of Minimum Market Threshold for Retail Commercial Sectors. (Sole Investigator) 2009-10, Research and Grants Center, Office of Graduate Studies and Research, Emporia State University ($8,158).
  • Offshore Outsourcing of Services: Recent Evidence from the U.S. Economy. (Sole Investigator) 2006-2007, Grants for Intellectual Contribution: General Grants, School of Business, Emporia State University ($1,000)
  • Efficiency and Equity in School Funding: A Case Study for Kansas. (Sole Investigator) 2005-2006, Grants for Intellectual Contribution: General Grants, School of Business, Emporia State University ($1,970)
  • Economic Impact of Hispanic Population on the Local Economy (Elizabeth Grandon, Kalyan Chakraborty, and Marco Polo Hernandez Cuevas), 2004-2005, School of Business, Emporia State University ($2,511).
  • Economic Impacts of Emporia State University on the Local and State Economy: An Update. (Co- investigator: Dean Edmiston), 2004-2005, School of Business, Emporia State University ($2,482).
  • Consumers’ Perception and Economic Value of Market Segmentation for Fluid Milk Produced Using Bovine Somatotropin (Sole Investigator), 2002-2003, Research and Grants Center, Office of Graduate Studies and Research, Emporia State University ($12,000).
  • Impact of Climate and Other Non-conventional Inputs on Wheat Productivity (Sole Investigator), January 2002-2003, Grants for Intellectual Contribution: General Grants, School of Business, Emporia State University ($1,000).
  • Organization of School Districts and Cost of Education: The Case of Kansas State (Sole Investigator), Grants for Intellectual Contribution: General Grants, 2002-2003, School of Business, Emporia State University, ($800).
  • Forecasting Demand for Passenger Traffic in Salt Lake City International Airport Using Time-series Econometric Analysis (Co-investigator: Dr. Dipak Ghosh), 2000-2001, Grants for Intellectual Contribution: General Grants, School of Business, Emporia State University ($1,980).
  • Economic Impacts of Emporia State University on the Local and State Economy (Co investigator: Dean Edmiston), 2000-2001, School of Business, Emporia State University ($1,000).

Publications

PUBLICATIONS

Book Publishing and Book Chapter
Member Editorial Advisory Board: Contemporary Issues on Globalization and Sustainable Development- Edited by Partha P. Sengupta, Book, May 2018 (ISBN 978-93-86611338- Serials Publications Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, India).
“Assessing Relative Efficiency of Agricultural Production Units of Southern High Plains, Texas,” Chapter 17, pp 277-289. Theory and Applications of Productivity and Efficiency: Econometric and DEA Approach Edited by C. Neogi and R. Ghosh, Macmillan India Ltd. 2005.

Refereed Journal Articles

  • “Does Insurance Activities Promote Economic Growth – An Application of Dynamic Panel Data,” (Kalyan Chakraborty) Journal of Business and Economic Perspectives, Spring Summer 2021, XIVIII, Vol-1, 11-26.    
  • “Development of Financial Market Activities and Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Evidence,” (Kalyan Chakraborty) Applied Econometrics, Dec 2020, Vol-60: 26-47.
  • "Financial Development and Economic Growth” (Kalyan Chakraborty), Journal of Applied Economics and Business Research, Dec 2019, Vol-9(4): 212-226.
  • “Economic Benefits from Biking Trails and Greenways.” (Kalyan Chakraborty), Business and Economic Research, June 2019, Vol-9(2): 199-206.
  • “Best Article Award: Chakraborty and Harper.” (Editor’s Note: Katherine S. Virgo), Atlantic Economic Journal, March 2019, Vol-47(1): 35-36.
  • “Impact of Hurricanes on Tourism Based Economies – A Review.” (Kalyan Chakraborty), International Journal of Business and Economics, October 2018, Vol-18(3): 85-92.
  • “Economics of Immigration – A Case for the United States” (Kalyan Chakraborty), Socioeconomica, October 2017, Vol-6(11): 1-20.
  • “Dynamic Productivity Analysis and the Effect of Firm-Specific and Macroeconomic Characteristics on Productivity: An Application to Insurance Industry” (Kalyan Chakraborty and Richard Harper), International Journal of Applied Economics, September 2017, Vol 14(2): 37-55.
  • “Measuring the Impact of Socio-economic Factors on School Efficiency in Australia” (Kalyan Chakraborty and Richard Harper), Atlantic Economic Journal, June 2017, Vol 45(2):163-179.
  • “Economics of Affordable Housing – Reexamined” (Kalyan Chakraborty), Journal of International Business and Economics, October 2017, Vol-17(3): 73-80.
  • “Determinants of Economic Performance of Non-life Insurance Industry” (Kalyan Chakraborty, Joy Chakraborty, and Partha P. Sengupta). Journal of International Business and Economics, 2016, Vol-16(1): 7-16.
  • “Determinants of Fertilizer Demand: A Case for India” (Kalyan Chakraborty), Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development, June 2016, Vol-13(1).
  • “Assessing the Economic Impact of a Regional University,” (Kalyan Chakraborty and Dean Edmiston), Journal of International Business and Economics, 2014, Vol-14(1):7-31.
  • “Efficiency and Equity in School Funding for Public Schools in Australia,” (Kalyan Chakraborty and Vincent Blackburn) Australian Economic Papers, 2013, Vol-3-4:127-201.
  • “Efficiency and Productivity of Indian Life Insurance Industry” (Kalyan Chakraborty, Partha Pratim Sengupta, and Anirban Dutta) Asia Pacific Journal of Risk and Insurance, 2013, Vol-7(1).
  • “Quality of Education and Human Capital in Economic Growth: An International Perspective” (Kalyan Chakraborty) International Journal of Economics and Business. November, 2012, Vol-2(1)
  • “Estimation of Minimum Market Threshold for Retail Commercial Sector: An application of hurdle and zero-inflated models” (Kalyan Chakraborty) International Advances in Economic Research, August, 2012, Vol-18(3):271-286.
  • “Surviving the Global Recession and the Future of Auto Industry – A Case for Ford Motor Company,” (Norikatsu Hiraide and Kalyan Chakraborty), International Journal of Economics and Finance. May 2012, Vol-4(5):85-93.
  • Analyzing Firm Performance in Non-life Insurance Industry – Parametric and Non-Parametric Approaches.” (Kalyan Chakraborty, Partha Pratim Sengupta, and Anirban Dutta), Indian Journal of Economics and Business, March-2012, Vol-11(1): 1-23.
  • “Consumers’ Attitude and Product Labeling for Genetically Modified Food in China and Hormone Induced Milk in the United States.” (Kalyan Chakraborty) International Journal of Economics and Finance, May 2011, Vol-2(3): 3-11.
  • “Economics of Bt-Cotton Production in India – A Meta-Analysis,” (Kalyan Chakraborty), Indian Journal of Economics and Business, December, 2010, Vol-9(4): 647-663.
  • “Hormone Induced Milk and Product Labeling – Empirical Evidence from Kansas” (Kalyan Chakraborty) Southwest Business and Economics Journal, Vol-18: 29-38, 2010.
  • “Inefficiencies in Public Education – A Value Added Approach,” (Kalyan Chakraborty), Southern Business and Economic Journal, Winter/Spring 2010, 32(1&2): 35-52.
  • “Impact of University Budget Cuts on the Local Economy: Case for a Regional University” (Kalyan Chakraborty) American Journal of Economics and Business Administration. Dec 2009, 1(2): 177-181, internet journal http://www.scipub.org/fulltext/ajeba/ajeba12177-181.pdf
  • “Efficiency in Public Education – The Role of Socio-economic Variables” (Kalyan Chakraborty) Research in Applied Economics Vol-1(1), Sept-2009 internet journal http://www.macrothink.org/journal/index.php/rae/article/viewFile/137/102
  • “Offshore Outsourcing and the Recent Evidences from the U.S. Economy.” (Kalyan Chakraborty), Indian Journal of Economics and Business, June 2008, 7(1): 49-65.
  • “Efficiency and Equity in School Funding: A Case for Kansas.” (Kalyan Chakraborty and John Poggio), International Advances in Economic Research, May 2008, 14: 228-241.
  • “Integrated Water Resources Management: Global Theory, Emerging Practices, and Local Needs,” Book Review. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 90(3), 856-857.
  • “Hispanic Population and Its Economic Impacts.” (Kalyan Chakraborty) Mountain Plains Journal of Business and Economics, August 2007, 8: 38-58. Internet Journal http://www.mountainplains.org/
  • “Product Labeling and Economic Value of Milk Market Segmentation,” (Kalyan Chakraborty) International Journal of Food and Agribusiness Marketing, August 2006, 18(1&2): 9-27.
  • “Economic Impact of Regional University Revisited.” (Kalyan Chakraborty and Dean Edmiston) Journal of Kansas Policy Review, October 2006, 28(2): 1-13.
  • “Impact of Offshore Outsourcing of IT Services on the US Economy,” (Kalyan Chakraborty and Bill Remington). Southwestern Economic Review, Spring 2006, 33(1): 73-94.
  • “Consumers’ Attitude Toward Hormone-free Milk: What Have We Learned?” (Kalyan Chakraborty) Applied Economics Letters, August 2005, 12(10): 633-637.
  • “Offshoring of IT Services: The Impact on the US Economy.” (Kalyan Chakraborty and WilliamRemington) The Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges, April 2005, 20(4): 112-125.
  • “The Economic Impact of University and Financial Consequences of Budget Cut on the Localand State Economy.” (Kalyan Chakraborty and Dean Edmiston) Mountain Plains Journal of Business and Economics 2003(4), Internet Journal http://www.mountainplains.org/
  • “Measuring Productive Efficiency and Cost of Public Education.” (Kalyan Chakraborty) Southwestern Economic Review, Spring 2003, 30(1): 23-34.
  • "Measuring Technical Efficiency and Total Factor Productivity: An Application to Cotton Production.” (Kalyan Chakraborty, Sukant Misra, and Phil Johnson) Regional Business Review, 2003(22): 11-27.
  • "Cotton Farmers’ Technical Efficiency: An Application to Stochastic and Non-stochastic Production Function Approaches." (Kalyan Chakraborty, Sukant Misra, and Phil Johnson) Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, 2002, 31(2): 211-220.
  • “Measuring Technical Efficiency in Public Education: A Stochastic and Non-stochastic FrontierProduction Function Approach.” (Kalyan Chakraborty, Basudeb Biswas, and W. Cris Lewis)  outhern Economic Journal 2001, 67(1): 889-905.
  • “Estimating Recreation Demand and Economic Value of Mountain Biking in Moab, UT: An Application of Count Data Models.” (Kalyan Chakraborty and John Keith) Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 2000, 43(4): 461-469.
  • “Economies of Scale in Public Education: An Econometric Analysis.” (Kalyan Chakraborty, Basudeb Biswas and W. Cris Lewis) Contemporary Economic Policy, 2000, 18(2): 238-247.
  • “Valuing the Impacts of Forest Fires on Backcountry Forest Recreation,” (Jeffrey Englin, Peter C. Boxall, Kalyan Chakraborty, and David O. Watson) Forest Science, 1996, 42(3): 450-455.
  • “Application of Count Data Procedure to Estimate Threshold for Rural Commercial Sector,” (Thomas R. Harris, Kalyan Chakraborty, Lijuan Xhio, and Rangesan Narayanan) Review of Regional Studies, 1996(26): 75-88.
  • “Scale Economics in Public Education,” (W. Cris Lewis and Kalyan Chakraborty) The Journal of Regional Analysis & Policy, 1996(26): 23-35.

 

Presentations

PRESENTATIONS (Last 10 years)
  • Invited Keynote Speaker, “Empowering Women and Economic Development,” at the Workshop on Women Empowerment in India: Challenging Obstacles and Creating Opportunities, Jan 6-10, 2020, NIT, Durgapur, India.
  • “Development of Insurance Activities and Economic Growth: The G-20 Experience.” – (Kalyan Chakraborty). Presented at the 2nd International Conference on Impact of Current Events on the future of Business (VIJAM), Jan 2-4, 2020, Hyderabad, India.
  • Invited Plenary Speaker, “Economics of Early Childhood Education – Recent Developments.”   Presented at the 2nd International Conference on Frontiers of Operations Research and Business Studies (FORBS 2019), Dec 27-28, 2019, Calcutta Business School, India.
  • “Global Economic Outlook and Trends for Insurance Industry with reference to China.”   Presented at the 26th Annual Conference CEIBE, Jinan University, Oct 7-9, 2019, Jinan, China.
  • “Impact of Hurricanes on Tourism Based Economies – A Review.”- (Kalyan Chakraborty) Presented at the International Academy of Business and Economics Conference, Oct 11-13th, 2018 School of Management, New York Institute of Technology, NY.
  • “Economic Benefits from Biking Trails and Greenways,” – Presented at the 25th Annual Conference CEIBE, NSU, Oct 3-5, 2018, Rapid City, SD.
  • Invited Paper Presentation “Trails and Greenways: Sustainable Tourism, Business attractions, and Economic Development a Methodology.” Shanghai University 2018 International Forum for Young Scholars – Sub-Forum for Business Studies. April 27-28, Shanghai, China.
  • Invited Keynote Speaker “Global Economic Outlook and Trends for Insurance Industry:  Influence of Macroeconomic Factors on Insurance Growth in India.” at the 2nd International Conference on Management and Business Practices – Organized by Aliah University, Kolkata, India, Jan 11-12, 2018.
  • Invited Seminar “Economics of Immigration – A case for the U.S.” Organized by the Humanities and Social Sciences – National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, India, Dec-22, 2017.
  • “The Insurance Market Development and Economic Growth – Two-stage Least Square Instrumental Variable Approach” (Kalyan Chakraborty). Presented at the International Conference on Economics and Business Issues, Dec 21-22, 2017, Mumbai, India.
  • “Estimating the Effects of Firm Specific Characteristics on Dynamic Productivity of Insurance Industry” (Kalyan Chakraborty). Presented at The IRES – 115th International Conference on Economics and Social Sciences (ICESS), Dec 19-20, 2016, Beijing, China.
  • “Trends and Outlook for Global Insurance Markets An Application to Productivity Analysis” Invited Seminar – Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, Dec-29, 2016.
  • “Determinants of Economic Performance of Non-life Insurance Industry” (Kalyan Chakraborty, Joy Chakraborty, and Partha P. Sengupta). Presented at the International Association for Business and Economics Conference (IABE), March 20-22, 2016, Orlando, Florida.
  • Invited Keynote Speaker “Why the World Economy is Dependent on Chinese Economy? ” at the – 3rd International Conference on Management and Economic Issues – National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, India, Jan 9-11, 2016.
  • Invited Seminar Presentation, “Using Technology for Student Learning in the Classroom and Beyond,” NSHM – Institute, Durgapur, India, Jan-8, 2016.
  • “Estimating the Demand for Fertilizer and Productivity of Fertilizer Industry in India,” (Kalyan Chakraborty), Presented at the annual conference of the Institute of Strategic and International Studies (InstSIS) & The International Academy of Advancement of Business Research (IAABR), Key West, Florida March 15-17, 2015.
  • “Assessing the Economic Impact of a Regional University,” (Kalyan Chakraborty and Dean Edmiston), Submitted for Presentation at the International Academy of Business and Economics, Winter Conference, Orlando, Florida March 16-18, 2014.
  • Invited Keynote Speaker title, “Global Economic Outlook and Challenges for China and India in 2014.”at the – 2nd International Conference on Management and Economic Issues – National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, India, Jan 9-11, 2014.
  • Invited Keynote Speaker title, “Role of Human Capital in Economic Development – Challenges for India and China,” at the 1st International Conference on Management Information Science & Technology” – Bengal College of Engineering and Technology, Durgapur, India, Jan 9-10, 2014.
  • Invited Seminar at the School of Management Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, India, Jan 5-6, 2014. Keynote speaker: title, “Global Economic Outlook and Challenges for China and India in 2014.”
  • Invited Seminar for the MBA Students at the National Institute of Technology, Agartala, India Jan 3-4, 2014.  Title, Keynote speaker: title, “Global Economic Outlook and Challenges for China and India in 2014.”
  • “Economic Impacts of Emporia State University on the Local and State Economy,” (Kalyan Chakraborty and Dean Edmiston) Webb Hall, Emporia State University, April-1, 2013.
  • “Genetically Modified Food in China and Hormone Induced Milk in the United States – Recent Developments,”(Kalyan Chakraborty) Invited Speaker at National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, WB, India, Jan 22, 2013.
  • “Efficiency and Equity in School Funding for Public Schools in Australia,” (Kalyan Chakraborty and Vincent Blackburn) Presented at the World Finance Conference and Banking Symposium, Shanghai, China, Dec 17-18, 2012.
  • “Efficiency Analysis of Government Schools in Australia: The Importance of Socio-economic Variables,” (Vincent C. Blackburn and Kalyan Chakraborty) Presented at the 87th Annual Conference of the Western Economics Association International, San Francisco, CA, June 29 – July-3, 2012.
  • “Slow Global Recovery, Debt Crisis in Advanced Economies, and Rising Power of India and China” (Kalyan Chakraborty) Keynote Speech at the International Conference on Business and Information Management (ICBIM), National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, India, Jan, 9-11, 2012.
  • “Emerging Trends in Global Economics and Finance and its Role in Managing Global Business” (Kalyan Chakraborty), Keynote Speech at the International Conference on Relevance of Contemporary Social and Technical Research in the Context of the Recent Trend of Globalization and Its Impact in Management Policy – Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, India, Jan, 3-4, 2012.
  • “Analyzing Firm Performance in Non-life Insurance Industry – Parametric and Nin-Parametric approaches.” (Kalyan Chakraborty, Partha Pratim Sengupta, and Anirban Dutta) Presented at the Indian Journal of Economics and Business Annual Conference, New Delhi, India, Dec 19-21, 2011.
  • “Surviving the Global Recession and the Future of Auto Industry – A Case for Ford Motor Company,” (Norikatsu Hiraide and Kalyan Chakraborty) Presented at the Indian Journal of Economics and Business Annual Conference, New Delhi, India, Dec 19-21, 2011.
  • “Estimation of Minimum Market Threshold for Retail Commercial Sector: An application of hurdle and zero-inflated models” (Kalyan Chakraborty) Presented at the 71st International Atlantic Economics Society Annual Conference in Athens, Greece, Mar 17-19, 2011.
  • “Efficiency and Productivity of Indian Life Insurance Industry after Deregulation” (Kalyan Chakraborty, Partha Pratim Sengupta, and Anirban Dutta) Presented at the Global Conference on Business and Finance (GCBF), Las Vegas, NV, Jan 2-5, 2011.

     

Research Interests

Applied Microeconomics
Health Economics
Education Economics
Applied Econometrics
Regional Economics
Resource/Recreational Economics

Journal Referee
Regional Science, Policy and Practice; Theoretical Economics Letters; Open Science Journal; Letters in Spatial and Resources Science; World Development; Southern Economic Journal; Journal of Regional Science; The Economic and Social Review; Empirical Economics; Applied Economics; Applied Economics Letters; Journal of Environmental Planning and Management; Agricultural and Resource Economics Review; Southwestern Economic Review; Mountain Plains Journal of Business and Economics; International Journal of Educational Research; Research in Applied Economics; Emporia State Research Studies; Modern Economy; Economics of Education Review; International Journal of Business and